TOPIC-001 / CHAPTER 02

Financial diligence: trace anomalies to business and contract facts

Diligence is not an anomaly list. It traces statement items to customers, projects, contracts, delivery, collection and accountable owners.

TOPIC-001-CH02V1.0PUBLIC FULL CHAPTER2026.07.30

DECISIONS CHANGED

  1. 01

    Whether the anomaly comes from the model, accounting or manipulation

  2. 02

    Whether it changes enterprise value, equity value or closing cash

  3. 03

    Whether to resolve through evidence, price, terms, accountability or stopping

01

Return from balances to the operating unit

Statements aggregate customers, projects and periods, hiding differences in quality. Diligence should descend to the smallest accountable operating unit: customer, contract, project, delivery, invoice and collection.

Revenue that cannot be cross-checked against contractual rights, performance, acceptance and cash should not be accepted merely because accounting documentation exists.

02

Rewrite anomalies as answerable questions

High growth is not a conclusion. Ask which customers and projects produced it, whether price, volume or timing changed, and whether growth required longer terms, advance funding or higher after-sales obligations.

Margin changes, related parties, period-end spikes, contract assets, other receivables and unusual capitalisation require the same trace. Quality depends on reaching facts, not on checklist length.

03

Build an evidence–judgment–action matrix

For each material issue, separate verified fact, management explanation, professional judgment, missing evidence and possible contradiction. Otherwise explanations become facts and concerns become conclusions.

The output must identify the decision parameter changed: cash forecast, discount rate, debt deduction, working-capital adjustment, payment timing, indemnity, closing condition or stop condition.

METHOD CONNECTION

MTH-0002 · Full M&A Capability ChainMTH-0006 · Full Value Bridge

PUBLIC SOURCES

ART-FMA-001 · Howard Hou: Financial Analysis in M&A